Oil engine



Oct. 4,1927. 1,644,557

O. A. BANNER OIL ENGINE Filed March 17, 1922 ill lNVENTOR.- OTTO /7. BflN/VER A TTORNEY.

Patented Oct. 4, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OTTQ A. BANNER, 0F MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN. ASSIGNOR TO THE FALK CORPDRA- TION, 0F MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF WISCONSIN.

OIL ENGINE.

Application filed March 17, 1922; Serial No. 544,413.

This invention relates to oil engines, and

particularly to those of the solid injection or pump spray type, although certain novel features thereof may be advantageously employed in other types of internal combustion engines.

()ne object of the invention is to improve the combustion and thermal elliciency in engines of the type referred to.

Other objects and advantages will later appear.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure l is a fragmentary sectional view of an engine cylinder embodying the novel features of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a view taken substantially on the line 22 of Figure l, with the cylinder head removed.

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure illustrating asomewhat dillcrcnt method of injecting the fuel.

For convenience of illustration and explanation, the invention is shown and will be described as embodied in a four-cycle oil engine of the vertical type, although it is applicable to two-cycle engines and to en gines of the horizontal type.

The engine illustrated in igures l and 2 comprises a cylinder 10 having a cylinder head 11 both Water jacketed in the usual manner. The cylinder head contains the usual exhaust and air inlet valves 12 and 13, respectively. The space between the cylinder' head and cylinder proper, however, 15 divided by a partition 14, preferably watercooled as indicated at 15, and having a restricted passage or throat 16, through which air and other gases are caused to pass during the reciprocation of the piston 17 within the cylinder.

The partition 14: in the engine shown is lormed as a part of a member 18 interposed beneath the cylinder head and c0- operating therewith to form an elongated, substantially flat chamber 19 extending transversely of the cylinder and of sutficient length and Width to accommodate the'valves 12 and 13. The fuel is introduced into the chamber in such manner as to form a substantially flat spray conforming in a general Way to the shape of the chamber.

One method of introducing the fuel is illustrated particularly in Figure 2. As inditime.

cated in this ligure, two injection nozzles 20 are employed, one at each end of the chamber. These are of thetype described in the copending application of t). A. Banner and Jacob Schlumbcrger, lilcd March 17, 19212, Serial Number 544,427. Each includes a pair of fuel discharge ducts arranged to produce a pair of convergent fuel jets which meet at a point and spread out to form a substantially flat spray of approximately uniform density within an end of the chamber.

The fuel is delivered to the nozzles through pipes 21 in a sudden rant-like charge imnu-diatcly prior to compression dead center, when movement of the piston has practically ceased, and when the flow of i air through the restricted passage 16 has ceased. Each flat spray is directed toward the central portion of the chamber where it meets with the other llat spray to form a narrow concentrated fuel cloud which extends across the chamber. As the sprays are projected through the body of hot compressed air in the chamber a relatively light fuel mist is formed about the SUI'filCPS thereof, due to the frictional contact of these surfaces with the surrounding air. This light fuel mist is readily vaporized and starts burning almost simultaneously with the initial injection. This initial combustion effects the vaporization of the coarser fuel particles contained in the concentrated fuel cloud and prepares the same for quick burnin Actual burningol the fuel in the concentrated cloud, however, can not. take place until it has becn'brought in contact with the oxygen of the air necessary to carry out the chemical reaction.

This mixture and contact of the air with the fuel in the concentrated cloud is eti'ected, during the early part of the working stroke, by the turbulence set up in the chamber, re-

stricted passage, andtpiston space at that stricted passage into the piston space. 105

Thus, although initial combustion occurs in the chamber and almost simultaneously with the injection of the fuel, yet the major portion of the combustion occurs witiin the restricted passage and piston space, as the 11 This turbulence is started by the in hill fuel in the concentrated cloud is mixed i with the oxygen of the air flowing from the chamber to the piston space. V

It will be noted that inthe engine shown in Figure 1 provision is made for retaining a portion'of the air within the working portion ofthe cylinder insteadof forcing all the air through the throat 16 into the chamber 19. This may be accomplished in various ways, but in the engine shown the piston 17 is hollowed out, as at 23, f r this purpose. Thus a body of air is maintained beneath the partition 14 at compression dead center, which is effective to insure prompt combustion of any unburned fuel projected from the chamber through the throat 16 dur-- ing the working stroke.

Another method of introducing the fuel into the chamber 19 is illustrated in Figure 3, in which two injection nozzles 20' are employed in each end of the chamber. These nozzles are of a well known form designed to produce single jets of fuel spray. They are'arranged in substantially parallel pairs so that the fuel jet from one will merge into the other to produce in effect a single flat spray spread outa'cross the chamber 19. The injection of the fuel is timed to occur, as in the method above described, innnediately prior to compression dead center.

Various changes may be made in the em- .bodiments of the invention hereinabove desprays and substantially conforming to the shape thereof,.and a restricted passage between sa'i chamber and saidc linder intermediate the ends of said cham er.

2. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder, injection nozzles at the opposite sides thereof for producing substantially fiat impacting fuel sprays transversely thereof, a chamber. enclosing said sprays and substantially conforming tothe shape thereof, means for cooling the walls of said chamber, and a restricted passage between said chamber and said cylinder intermediate the ends of said chamber.-

3. In an internal combustion enginefthe combination. of a cylinder, injection nozzles at the opposite sides thereof for producing substantially flat impacting fuel sprays transversely thereof, a chamber enclosing said sprays and substantiall conforming to the shape thereof, inlet an exhaust valves opening into said chamber through one wall thereof, and a restrictedpassage through the opposite wall of said chamber intermediate the ends thereof in communication with the working portion of said cylinder.

4;. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder having a cylinder head, intake and exhaust valves in said head, a wtter cooled partition in said cylinder cooperating with said head to form an elongated chamber extending transversely of said cylinder, the transverse sectional area of said chamber beingsubstantially rectangular, a restricted passage through said partition, and airless fuel injection nozzles at the ends of said chamber for directing substantially flat fuel sprays toward the center thereof. 5.111 an oil engine the combination of a cylinder having a relatively shallow elongated chamber extending transversely thereof, a restricted passage between said chamher and the working portion of said cylinder, means for coolingthe walls of said chamber and passage, and airless fuel injection nozzles at opposite ends of said chamber for producin substantially flat impacting fuel sprays whichmeet to form a narrow elongated cloud ofconcentrated fuel mist adjacent said passage substantially at compression dead center.

6. In an oil engine the combination of a. cylinder having an elongated chamber extending transversely thereof, said chamber being substantially rectangular in transverse section and having a restricted passage in-- termediate the ends thereof communicating with the working portion of said c linder, means for cooling .the walls of sai chammy name this 2nd day of March, 1922.

OTTO A. BANNER.

her and said passage. and airless fuel injec-- tion nozzles at opposite ends of said chamber 

